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| Czortków Uprising ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Czortków Uprising
The Czortków Uprising ((ポーランド語:Powstanie Czortkowskie)) was a failed attempt at resisting Soviet state repressions by the young anti-Soviet Poles most of whom were prewar students from the local high school. The uprising took place in the Soviet-occupied Polish town of Czortków (now Chortkiv, Ukraine) during World War II. The insurgents attempted to storm the local Red Army barracks and a prison in order to release Polish soldiers incarcerated there. The attack occurred on the night of January 21–22, 1940. It was the first Polish civilian uprising against the Nazi-Soviet occupation of Poland.
==Background==
On 17 September 1939 the Red Army allied with Nazi Germany (see: Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact), invaded the eastern part of Poland. The Soviets advanced quickly, as the bulk of the Polish Army was concentrated in the west, fighting the Wehrmacht. According to the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, Poland was to be divided by the two allied powers. The Germans occupied the western part of the country, while the Soviets annexed eastern Poland (see: Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union), including the town of Czortków, seat of a powiat (population 20,000), located in prewar Tarnopol Voivodeship.
Between 1939 and the 1941 Operation Barbarossa, the Soviet NKVD arrested and imprisoned about 500,000 Poles including state officials, civil servants, uniformed officers and scores of the so-called "enemies of the people" such as food producers, engineers, merchants and the clergy. About 65,000 Poles in all were secretly executed. Soon after Czortków’s annexation into the Ukrainian SSR, the new rulers began a campaign of repressions.
The Polish inhabitants of Czortków (in 1931 ethnic Poles made up 46.4% of the town's population) organized themselves against the Soviets as early as October 1939, when a conspirational organization ''Stronnictwo Narodowe'' (''National Alliance'') was created.〔Tadeusz A. Janusz, (Sprawiedliwość po sowiecku (Justice Soviet style) ) Exhibit: Powstańczy zryw w Czortkowie w 1940 r. Niedziela.pl 〕 Its purpose was to fight the occupier and carry out sabotage.〔(IPN.Gov.pl ) 〕 Soon afterwards, the founders of the organization, mostly students from the local high school including Tadeusz Bankowski, Henryk Kamiński, Heweliusz Malawski, and their teacher Józef Opacki, decided to organize an uprising.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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